(pdf) Sixth industrialization movement in Korea and Asia .pdf

3. The sixth Industrialization Movement in Korea
Korea has changed so rapidly that it is referred to as a dynamic country. Not only has it achieved great political, social and economic growth, but also significant changes took place in agriculture, though not as much as in economic growth, between the Korean War (1950–1953) and 1980 (the Semaeul movement[1]), when the main agricultural policy objectives were the mass production of food and the expansion of the rural infrastructure. From 1980 to 2000, as the economy grew rapidly, direct projects centred on subsidies became the main policy in rural areas. The subsidy policy is the main culprit behind the income inequality problem in rural society and has so far been controversial. Since 2000, as the local autonomous government (1995) was implemented, regional development, local food, social farms and auxiliary projects were promoted together, while the sixth industry was fostered from 2015.[2] In this chapter, it discuss the sixth industry policies and cases representing Korea’s agriculture after 2015 as well as future changes.
 
3.1 The sixth industrialization policy
In July 2013, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Korea promoted the sixth industrialization policy through the announcement of the ‘Comprehensive Plan for the sixth Industrialization’. Firstly, the sixth industrialization model was customized for local communities and implemented through cooperation with the ‘Woori nongchon’ [Our Farm Village] movement. Secondly, the movement complemented the local human resource capacities with outside experts for talent donation and the return to earth movement. Lastly, it suggested means to strengthen the local networks and established support systems in the newly founded and development growth stages.
The legal basis for the implementation of the sixth industrialization movement was established on 4 May 2015, when the ‘Rural Convergence Industry and Promotion Act (Sixth Industrialization Act)’ was passed by the National Assembly. The definition of ‘agricultural comprehensive industry (sixth industry)’ in this act is ‘A movement that provides a combination of resources or services to farmers and residents of the rural area who attempt to utilize production, logistics, or tourism-related, tangible and non-tangible agricultural, rural, and natural resources to generate or increase value-added’. The purpose of the act is to provide a foundation for high-value-added agriculture, to promote the development of agriculture and farming villages and to revitalize the rural economy, thereby contributing to the income growth of farmers and rural residents as well as developing the national economy (Jung et al., 2014).
The act consists of 6 chapters and 43 articles, including the establishment and implementation of the rural–urban convergence and development plan, the research and establishment of a statistical database, the certification of rural comprehensive businesses and the designation of supporting organizations and comprehensive industrial sectors. Based on these laws, the Department of Food and Rural Affairs of the Ministry of Agriculture has designated and operated intermediate-sized organizations as the sixth industrialization support centres in 9 metropolitan areas across the country. The primary functions of the support centres include certification and follow-up management of sixth industry businesses, the operation of antenna shops, the establishment of sales platforms and the investigation of the sixth industrialization businesses. By 2021, 2,054 farms had been certified, a 5% increase from 2016, 89% (1,821 farms) of which engaged in agricultural food processing, as shown in Table 3.7. This means that the Korean the sixth industrialization seems to concentrate on the food processing industry.
Table 3.7 Number of the sixth industrialization businesses by region (as of September 2021)

Region	# of certified		1st × 2nd × 3rd industry (comprehensive)	1st × 2nd industry (processing)	1st × 3rd industry (relating to tourism)
	2016	2021
Total	960	2,045	1,459	362	224
Gangwon-do	114	185	121	40	24
Gyeonggi-do	108	210	138	21	51
Chunngcheongbuk-do	92	134	107	4	23
Chunngcheongnam-do	75	212	166	34	12
Jeonrabuk-do	144	332	185	114	33
Jeonranam-do	142	355	274	65	16
Gyeongsannam-do	98	194	144	27	23
Gyeongsanbuk-do	101	224	199	14	11
Jeju-do	59	122	68	35	19
Daegu-si	1	3	2	-	1
Daejeon-si	4	-	-	-	-
Sejong-si	12	26	17	6	3
Ulsan-si	2	9	6	1	2
Incheon-si	8	37	31	1	5

Source: Korean Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 2016–Sep. 2021.
 
Through the announcement of the ‘Rural Economy and Export Activation Plan in the Sixth Industrialization of Agriculture’ in 2016, the sixth industry, which has been promoted mainly for the non-farm income of individual farmers, has been developed into a regional system. This has strengthened the internal competence of agriculture by fostering professional management bodies and by actively promoting win-win cooperation between companies through the utilization of external capital and technology.
The main tasks are the following. The first is the adaptation of cutting-edge technology in agriculture, such as smart farm dissemination and the expansion of field farming and field crop communities. The second is the activation of manufacturing and processing in the food industry (expanding the use of domestic agricultural products, such as food and food service companies). The third is the efficient distribution and expansion of exports (expansion of local food stores, expansion of direct transactions and exporting of kimchi to China). The fourth is the activation of rural tourism for foreigners (attracting foreign tourists, linking free semesters, etc.). Based on these tasks, 26 of the 77 candidate items for the regional the sixth industrialization system support target were selected as priority targets, and various support measures are being prepared and promoted.

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[1] Saemaul Undong (movement, 1970 ~) refers to any community development movement, which builds a village or community to improve villagers’ quality of life based on the spirits of diligence, self-help and cooperation, and approaches by the villagers, of the villagers and for the villagers. Saemaul Undong is also based on self-reliant decision making through the process of planning, implementation, evaluation and feedback to the next phase.

[2] Park’s administration made the sixth industrial development law in 2015.

 

 

 

Source : Jung, H.H. 2022, A Valuation Study on Multifunctionality of Agriculture and Multifunctional Agriculture in South Korea: Beyond 6th Industrialization, Kyoto University Doctoral dissertation.

 

Reference link https://multifunctionality.tistory.com/8

 

Korean 6th industrialization movemnet.pdf

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